MILITARY INTEL: Historical Naval Doctrine Shift The U.S. Navy's transition from carrier-centric to distributed maritime operations (2019-present) mirrors strategic pivots during the Cold War, when submarine-based deterrence replaced purely surface fleet dominance. China's naval expansion—growing from 355 ships (2015) to 440+ today—has accelerated this shift, forcing Pentagon strategists to reconsider concentration of $13+ billion capital assets in single carrier strike groups vulnerable to advanced anti-ship missiles. This doctrine matters because it fundamentally reshapes force projection capacity, homeland defense positioning, and allied interoperability frameworks across the Indo-Pacific, where supply lines and territorial claims create asymmetric vulnerability that distributed fleets address more effectively than traditional battleship-era concentration models.