Libya's Economic Governance Crisis: Institutional Fragmentation and Legitimacy Struggles Libya's competing executive bodies—the Dbeibah government (GNA) and parallel administrations—lack unified fiscal authority since 2014, creating dual budget systems that have fragmented state revenue collection and reduced central banking oversight by approximately 40% according to IMF assessments. This institutional paralysis mirrors post-2011 state collapse patterns seen across fragmented polities (Somalia, South Sudan), where competing legitimacy claims prevent coherent macroeconomic policy implementation. The recent dispute over economic critiques reflects deeper power struggles over who controls Libya's $140 billion sovereign wealth fund and oil revenues—the actual lever of state authority in rentier economies. Understanding these governance battles matters because Libya's instability directly affects Mediterranean migration patterns, regional terrorism networks, and energy markets, making internal legitimacy disputes consequential beyond Libya's borders.